Diabetes

• Diabetes Diet
• Diabetes Insipidus
• Diabetes Medication
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetes Symptoms
• Gestational Diabetes
• Juvenile Diabetes
• Signs Of Diabetes
• Type 1 Diabetes
• Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus questions and answers

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Q: Client with long-standing diabetes mellitus alerts you to the possibility of renal dysfunction?
Which change in clinical manifestations in a client with long-standing diabetes mellitus alerts you to the possibility of renal dysfunction? a. Loss of tactile perception b. The presence of glucose in the urine c. The presence of ketone bodies in the urine d. A sustained increase in blood pressure from 130/84 to 150/100

A: all of the above .

Q: What is the metabolic link between diabetes mellitus and arteriosclerosis?


A: Poor diet.

Q: What is the relationship of pregnancy to diabetes mellitus?


A: Diabetes is often detected in women during their childbearing years and can affect the health of both the mother and her unborn child. Poor control of diabetes in a woman who is pregnant increases the chances for birth defects and other problems for the baby. It might cause serious complications for the woman, also. Proper health care before and during pregnancy will help prevent birth defects and other poor outcomes, such as miscarriage or stillbirth. What is diabetes? Diabetes is a condition in which the body cannot use the sugars and starches (carbohydrates) it takes in as food to make energy. The body either makes too little insulin in the pancreas or cannot use the insulin it makes to change those sugars and starches into energy. As a result, the body collects extra sugar in the blood and gets rid of some sugar in the urine. The extra sugar in the blood can damage organs of the body, such as the heart, eyes, and kidneys, if it is allowed to collect in the body too long. The 3 most common types of diabetes are Type 1, Type 2, and gestational. * Type 1 diabetes is a condition in which the pancreas makes so little insulin that the body can’t use blood sugar for energy. Type 1 diabetes must be controlled with daily insulin shots. * Type 2 diabetes is a condition in which the body either makes too little insulin or can’t use the insulin it makes to use blood sugar for energy. Often Type 2 diabetes can be controlled through eating a proper diet and exercising regularly. Some people with Type 2 diabetes have to take diabetes pills or insulin or both. * Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that occurs in a pregnant woman who did not have diabetes before she was pregnant. Often gestational diabetes can be controlled through eating a proper diet and exercising regularly, but sometimes a woman with gestational diabetes must also take insulin shots. Usually gestational diabetes goes away after pregnancy, but sometimes it doesn’t. Also, many women who have had gestational diabetes develop Type 2 diabetes later in life. What are some common problems caused by diabetes? People with diabetes can get high blood pressure, kidney disease, nerve damage, heart disease, and blindness. Young women with diabetes might not have these problems yet. The damage caused by these problems often happen in people whose blood sugar has been out of control for years. Keeping blood sugar under control can help prevent the damage from happening. People with diabetes can go into “diabetic coma” if their blood sugar is too high. They can also develop blood sugar that is too low (hypoglycemia) if they don’t get enough food, or they exercise too much without adjusting insulin or food. Both diabetic coma and hypoglycemia can be very serious, and even fatal, if not treated quickly. Closely watching blood sugar, being aware of the early signs and symptoms of blood sugar that is too high or too low, and treating those conditions early can prevent these problems from becoming too serious. How does a person get diabetes? We don’t know exactly how people get diabetes. However, it appears that both genetics and personal lifestyle play a role in who gets diabetes. Some people have diabetes that “runs” in the family. Lack of exercise, poor eating habits, and obesity seem to increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes in other people. In some, but not all cases, Type 2 diabetes can be controlled if people lose weight, eat right, and exercise regularly. Can a person prevent problems from diabetes? A person with diabetes who keeps her blood sugar as close to normal as possible has fewer problems than a person who does not keep his blood sugar in “tight control.” A woman with diabetes who can get pregnant should watch her blood sugar closely to prevent problems if she should get pregnant. To keep blood sugar in tight control, a person can manage her diabetes with a strict plan: * Eat healthy foods from personal diabetes meal plan * Exercise regularly * Monitor blood sugar often * Take medications on time, including insulin if ordered by the doctor. * Know how to adjust food intake, exercise, and insulin depending on the results of blood sugar tests * Control or treat low blood sugar and high blood sugar * Follow up with health care provider regularly Return to top How does gestational diabetes differ from Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes? Gestational diabetes happens in a woman who develops diabetes during pregnancy. Some women have more than one pregnancy affected by diabetes that disappears after the pregnancy ends. About half of women with gestational diabetes will develop Type 2 diabetes later. If not controlled, gestational diabetes can cause the baby to grow extra large and lead to problems with delivery for the mother and the baby. Gestational diabetes might be controlled with diet and exercise, or it might take insulin as well as diet and exercise to get control. Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes often are present before a woman gets pregnant. If not controlled before and during pregnancy, Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes can cause the baby to have birth defects and cause the mother to have problems (or her problems to worsen if they are already present), such as high blood pressure, kidney disease, nerve damage, heart disease, or blindness. Type 1 diabetes must be controlled with a balance of diet, exercise, and insulin. Type 2 diabetes might be controlled with diet and exercise, or it might take diabetes pills or insulin or both as well as diet and exercise to get control.

Q: If you have diabetes mellitus what hormone injection do you receive to lower blood sugar levels?
This is bio 30, the subject ate a meal prior to this and then received an injection that made blood sugar levels rise. Is it insulin or glycogen? I'm not sure ... Please help :)

A: The answer to the question if it RAISED blood sugar levels it's GLUCAGON... Which stimulates glycoGENolysis :-).... Insulin, blood sugar drops because it's going into cells Glucagon, blood sugar increases Glycogen, storage form of glucose in hepatocytes, muscle and some small pockets in kidneys and intestines. Hope this helps :)

Q: Dehydration can be caused by endocrine disturbances such as diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus?
IS THIS TRUE OR FALSE?

A: True. The word "diabetes" means "to pass" (as in "to pass urine," so we ue it to mean it causes you to pee alot). The first symptoms of diabetes mellitus is polydypsia (drink a lot), polyuria (pee a lot), and polyphagia (eat a lot). Of course doctors wouldn't be as highly paid if they said things like "patient eats, drink and pees a lot," so instead we say "patient presents with polydypsia, polyuria, and polyphagia." And anytime you have polydypsia (pee a lot), you have a higher chance of being dehydrated. Especially in Diabetes Insipidus. Now go do your homework! :) You should understand the difference between diabetes mellitus (what we mean when we say "he's diabetic") Type I (Juvenile Diabetes, autoimmune, insulin producing cells are destroyed) and Type II (adult-onset diabetes, insulin-independent, its mostly due to loss of insulin receptors, mostly due to overeating, obesity, bad diet, and lack of exercise), and Diabetes Insipidus (lots of pee, usually due to lack of ADH (the thing you release to not go pee), due to inherited disease). So know the different types of diabetes. And what does this insulin thing do? ;) Where is insulin released from, and when does the body release it? What is a receptor? And what happens when insulin meets (bind to) its receptor? When you start "getting" concepts in medicine like receptors, up and down regulation, and feedback mechanisms, understanding diseases and drugs becomes really easy.

Q: Where are PG courses in Diabetology available for doctors to train themselves in Diabetes Mellitus management?
Where are PG courses in Diabetology available for doctors to train themselves in Diabetes Mellitus management?

A: Some fellowship courses are available in Chennai, India exposing medical graduates to diabetology.Also, M.Sc (Diabetes Sciences) a 3 yr. course with eligibility B.Sc in any branch including B.Sc Nursing is offered by the Health Care Campus of Amrita Instt. of Medical Sciences, P.O:-Elamakkara, KOCHI- 682026(Kerala) India.You can write to the Principal, Medical College in the already mentioned address or E-mail to medicalcollege@aims.amrita.edu .You may specifically enquire regarding Fellowship in endocrinology and Diabetes, which is open only to medical degree holders. You may visit their website www.aimshospital.org

Q: Is the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus increasing, decreasing or staying the same?
Is it increasing or decreasing in the world? Is it increasing or decreasing in developed countries?

A: Diabetes mellitus is increasing all over the world,type 2 more as the cause of it is generally idiopathic and more so in the developed countries.one cause for this is thought the lack of nutritional stress in the lives of most people due to the change in lifestyle. the incidence is also higher nowadays as the longetivity is increased and DM is incurable(only palliative medicine is available). a particular group of factors in the body,proteins and transcription factors(ppr gamma) are thought to be responsible for managing nutritional stress in the organisms. this in,our case has been rendered redundant too fast and has consequentially created havoc in the body as the body is not evolutionarily ready to accept the sudden change of lifestyle. this is considered as one of the major causes for the widespread dying out of the native red indians in US,one of the major causes has been found to be DM. But in terms of cause the reasosns cannot be narrowed thus.DM is precipitated by many factors one of which maybe as stated above,

Q: How do diabetes mellitus contribute to diabetic nephropathy?


A: When the blood sugar is high, it damages the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys. Those blood vessels filter waste from the blood. When they get damaged from high blood sugar, the kidneys aren't able to do their job as well. Note to others: The question is about NEPHROpathy, not NEUROpathy

Q: How long can be the honemoon period in diabetes mellitus.?
My daughter (13 years) who is diabetic since last 3 and a half months takes only 4 units of levemir insulin per day, doctors say that she may be going through honeymoon period. How long it can lost or is there some hope....?

A: It depends on the person. I've been diabetic for 28 yrs my honeymoon period lasted almost 2-yrs. Unfortunatley... I think when you ask if there is hope that you mean she doesn't really have diabetes....She does I was hoping the doctors were wrong too. Good news is that there has been some really great advances in treatments and regulating blood sugar levels. Make sure she tests her glucose often to keep her levels in a normal range. I test 6 times a day. It's is difficult sometimes...but in the long run she will be healthier. Give her a lot of encouragement.... teenage years are difficult enough but even harder when you're trying to deal with managing diabetes. I'm hoping a cure is close. I am positive that she will beneifit from all the research done and that a cure will be developed within the next few years!

Q: What is the reason for increased appetite in diabetes mellitus?


A: Because your body isn't getting the food it needs. With diabetes, your body can't absorb the sugar because it doesn't produce the insulin needed for this. As a result, your body is starving and therefore will start breaking down fat for energy. Ketones is a by product of this and that's why it's found in your blood stream. This is another reason why your body becomes acidic and you smell that fruity smell.

Q: What is the blood component that increase in Diabetes mellitus?


A: Glucose Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels, which result from defects in insulin secretion, or action, or both. Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes (and in this article will be referred to as "diabetes"), was first identified as a disease associated with �sweet urine," and excessive muscle loss in the ancient world. Elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) lead to spillage of glucose into the urine, hence the term sweet urine. Normally, blood glucose levels are tightly controlled by insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. Insulin lowers the blood glucose level. When the blood glucose elevates (for example, after eating food), insulin is released from the pancreas to normalize the glucose level. In patients with diabetes, the absence or insufficient production of insulin causes hyperglycemia. Diabetes is a chronic medical condition, meaning although it can be controlled, it lasts a lifetime.

Q: Where can I find a good report about Diabetes Mellitus(sp?)?
I'm looking for a web page, that helps me (ALOT!) in writing a 6-7 -page report about Diabetes and Blood Glucose regulation. (Please don't suggest Google or wikipedia, been there, done that) , besides my professor will give me a zero if me and another one had the same report, that's why I'm avoiding the popular web sites. Thanks in advance.

A: There are plenty of sources out there. I found this one and it has lots of information.

Q: What is the difference between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus? Why are they both called diabetes?
please help me to understand this condition better

A: The word diabetes derives in a rather convoluted fashion from the Greek word for a siphon. It is used for conditions in which excessive amounts of urine are produced. Mellitus comes from the Latin word for honey, and refers to the sugary nature of the urine, as opposed to the urine in diabetes insipidus, which is, as you may have guessed, insipid. Diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus are two very different conditions. DM is essentially a rise in blood sugar levels, caused either by the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin or by the body's developing a resistance to the insulin it produces. The excess sugar spills into the urine, and this high concentration in the urine prevents the water being reabsorbed by the kidney. The origin of DI is in generally in the brain. The posterior portion of the pituitary gland, situated at the base of the brain, secretes a hormone which limits urine output by the kidney by encouraging reabsorption of fluid (antidiuretic hormone, ADH). When ADH secretion fails, for various reasons, the result is a lot of urine with no sugar in it. The same situation may arise if the kidney does not respond correctly to the circulating ADH (so-called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus).

Q: Diabetes Mellitus and Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
How can Diabetes Mellitus in the mother lead to Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the baby?

A: I've never heard or read of any relationship between the two. Has your doctor suggested they are related?

Q: What do Muslims who suffer from Diabetes Mellitus do during Ramadan?


A: ► They are not compelled to fast, they exempted from fasting. ► The sick, weak, old [men and women], travelers, pregnant and menstruating women are all exempted from fasting during Ramadan. ► They may make up the lost days later when they can. ► Fasting is only for sane, healthy and able-bodied Muslims. Those can fast.